Product Produced
Crude Palm Oil (CPO)
FFA as Palmitic 5% Max
Moisture & Impurities (M&I) 0.5% Max
Iodine Value (IV) 50 ‐ 55
Color (5¼" Lovibond Cell) 2.5 Red Max
Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil RBDPO
FFA as Palmitic 0.1% Max
Moisture & Impurities (M&I) 0.1% Max
Iodine Value (IV) 50 ‐ 55
Color (5¼" Lovibond Cell) 2.5 Red Max
Melting Point 33 ‐ 39 °C
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) / Palm Methyl Ester (PME) B100
EN 14214
FAME content, %(m/m) >96.5
Cetane number min. 51
Density at 15 °C, kg/dm3 0.884
Viscosity at +40 °C, mm2/s 4.5
Initial boiling point, °C 300
Final boiling point, °C 340
Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Kernel Oil RBDPKO
FFA as (% as Lauric) 0.1% Max
Moisture & Impurities (M&I) 0.1% Max
Iodine Value (IV) 19
Color (5¼" Lovibond Cell) 5.25 Red Max
Peroxide Value (meq/kg): Often 0.5 Max
Cloud Point: Typically 10.0 °C Max.
Palm Kernel Expeller (PKE)
Moisture Content: Approximately 8-10%.
Fat Content: Around 8-10%.
Protein Content: Ranges from 14% to 20%.
Crude Fibre: Approximately 16-17%.
Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF): 54-65%.
Ash: 5%
Acid Insoluble Ash: 14%
Volatile Oil Content: 0.7% - 1% min
Palm Kernel Shell
Moisture Content: Total Moisture, 10-15%.
Ash Content: Ash (ADB): 3-6%±.
Gross Calorific Value: 3800 – 4200 kCal/Kg.
Sulphur (ADB): 0.01-0.02%±
Sodium (ADB): 0.02-0.06%±
Potassium (ADB): 0.05-0.15%±
Chlorine (ADB): <0.05%. Net Calorific Value (NCV): 15 - 16 Gj/MT.
Oil Palm Frond (OPF)
Oil Palm Fronds (OPF) are pruned during harvesting of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB), these are shredded at the plantation and hauled back to the Biochar Facility to produce Organic Fertiliser, that is returned back to the plantation.
Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB)
Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) is harvested from the plantations by mechanical equipment used by harvesters, the FFB is then collected by other mechanical equipment and hauled back to the palm oil refiner for the processing of crude palm oil, which is used as the feedstock to produce Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME)/Palm Methyl Ester (PME).
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB)
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) is left over waste that is further processed to extract oil and moisture through shredding and is further processed at the Biochar facility to produce organic fertiliser that is returned back to the plantation.